Circumcision Reduces Bacteria And Risk Of STDs

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What is Circumcision?

Circumcision is a procedure where the excess foreskin is removed. This ritual has been performed on boys for thousands of years. It is currently practised by many faiths and culture. In the states, it is usually done within the first few days of life. Among Muslims and Jews, it is highly encouraged for boys to be circumcised. In fact, it is highly encouraged because it promotes better hygiene among other benefits. 

Male circumcision reduces the abundance of bacteria living on the penis and might help explain why circumcision offers men some protection against HIV, according to a study led by the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen).

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Are circumcised men less likely to contract HIV?

One of the most interesting benefits of circumcision is the finding that circumcised men are less likely to contract HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. In 2005, a study of South African men found that circumcised men who had sex with an HIV-positive woman were 63 percent less likely than uncircumcised men to contract the virus. Other than HIV, Circumcision has also been shown to reduce the risk of contracting HPV, or human papillomavirus. 

HPV is a virus that can cause cervical cancer in women. Another sexually transmitted virus is the herpes simplex virus type 2, better known as genital herpes. The risk of transmission of genital herpes is also reduced in men who were circumcised.

Bacteria and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Other than viruses, bacteria also are responsible for some of the common Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Circumcision has been proven to reduce incidence of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection. Interestingly, circumcision doesn’t just protect the men, but also protects the women as well.

In a study published in 2005 in American Journal of Epidemiology, there’s an 82% reduction of Chlamydia infection among women whose partners were circumcised as compared to women whose partners were uncircumcised.

A study of women in Kenya and Uganda enrolled in an RCT and followed up for 3 years found circumcision of their male partners was associated with a 59% reduction in incident syphilis among the women. A prospective study in Kenya by the same authors found that those with circumcised male partners had a 58% lower risk of incident Trachomatis vaginalis than did women with uncircumcised partners.

One of the main possible reasons behind lower risk of infection is the recent finding where there is a significant shift in the bacterial flora of the penis after circumcision. This was according to a study published by the online journal mBio. This international collaboration focused on 156 men in Rakai, Uganda — part of the world’s largest randomized-controlled trial on male circumcision.

Researchers showed that men who were circumcised as part of the study had 33.3 percent less bacteria on their penis than those who remained uncircumcised one year after the study began. Researchers further showed that the decrease was primarily found in 12 types of bacteria, most of which were intolerant to oxygen.

At the same time, understanding the mechanisms that underlie the benefits of male circumcision could help to identify new intervention strategies for decreasing HIV transmission, especially for populations with high HIV prevalence and in places where male circumcision is culturally less acceptable, the study says.

“We know that male circumcision can prevent HIV and other diseases in heterosexual men, but it is important to know why,” said Dr. Lance Price, the Director of TGen Center for Microbiomics and Human Health and the study’s senior author.

“We think that these dramatic changes in the penis microbiome may explain, at least in part, why male circumcision is protective, ” said Dr. Price, who is also a Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health in the School of Public Health and Health Services at the George Washington University.

HIV

In heterosexual transmission of HIV, the virus on the foreskin needs to reach its target cells, the CD4+ T-cells, which reside primarily in blood or the lymph nodes.

Researchers hypothesize that penis bacteria may facilitate this process in two ways: by both recruiting more HIV target cells to the foreskin and by triggering another set of immune cells, the Langerhans cells, to deliver the virus to susceptible T-cells. Without this trigger, the Langerhans cells will simply destroy the virus.

“Our findings are interesting from two perspectives. From a public health standpoint, we were finally able to detail the bacterial changes associated with male circumcision,” said Dr. Cindy Liu, Adjunct Professor at the Pathogen Genomics Division at TGen, and the study’s lead author.

“From an ecological perspective, our study shows how phenomena from the macro-world actually scale to the micro level. When you change a macro environment, such as clear cutting a forest, you affect the animals that live there. That’s intuitive. Here we show that changing the penis environment affects the microbes that live there as well.” said Dr. Liu, who also is a member of the Department of Pathology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Currently circumcision among adults is carried out in Africa as a part of the campaign to fight HIV and AIDs. With increasing evidence of health benefits from circumcision, I am seeing more men coming forward to get circumcised voluntarily. These are men who have no medical problems that warrant a circumcision. They simply want to have better hygiene and reduce their risk of infection.

Also read: What Are The Top 7 Reason Men Undergo Circumcision?

At Dr Tan & Partners, we use the Shang Ring Method of circumcision. With this method, there is no need for injections and the procedure is very quick, simple and painless. Only numbing cream is used and after 30 minutes of application, the procedure can commence. The procedure itself takes only 10-15 minutes. Our patients are usually surprised at how painless and quick the procedure is. Most importantly they like how the results look at the end of the day.

Also read: How Does Sutureless Circumcision​ Technique (Shang Ring) Work

Next read: How Is The Adult Circumcision (Foreskin Removal) Procedure Done?

Speak to your doctor if you have any questions regarding circumcision.

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Rectal Douching and Associated Infection Risks

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Similar to vaginal douching, rectal douching or anal douching is not something that many people talk about it polite circles. It is commonly practiced by Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men (MSM) who receive anal sex. Let’s face it, generally we don’t want our loved ones to have to deal with our faeces while having anal sex. However there is a growing concern about the practice of performing anal douching and its associated risk of STI including HIV infection.
Other Read: Anal Pap Smear for Anal Cancer.

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A recently published systematic review (essentially this means that the study involves gathering all published studies on a subject and compiling the findings together) in the journal Sexually Transmitted Infections (May 2019), there is evidence to suggest that anal douching can potentially increase the risk of STI and HIV infection among MSM. In the systematic review, it included a total of 28 studies looking at anal douching and the risk of STI/ HIV in MSM population around the world (46% from US, 35% from Europe and the rest from South America, Asia and Africa). 
Also Read: STD Risk From Receptive Unprotected Anal Sex In Men

The findings show that men who perform anal douching compared to those who don’t have a 2.8 times higher risk of HIV and close to 2.5 times higher risk of any other types of STIs (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and HPV). With respect to specific STIs, the study found that anal douching increases the risk of chlamydia and gonorrhoea by up to 3.25 times and 3.29 times for Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus.
It is theorised that possible reasons for the association of anal douching with increased risk of STIs and HIV may be due to:

  1. Water and/ or soap causes the delicate lining of the rectum and intestines to become damaged.
  2. Removal of normal flora (bacteria that normally is found in the rectum) due to the action of flushing
  3. Risk of transmission of STIs and HIV through the sharing of douching devices much sharing of needles for IVDU. 

 

The authors also noted that further studies will be needed to further elucidate this association between anal douching and STIs and HIV infection.
Speak to your doctor if you have any questions regarding the associated infection risks from rectal douching or anal douching.

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Common Causes Of Bumps & White Spots On Penis & Foreskin

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This situation may be familiar to many men: while taking a shower one day, you happen to notice some white spots on your foreskin. You do a double take as you lean down to inspect your manhood. What could it be? How long have they been there? The questions are aplenty as you instinctively reach for your smartphone to begin a Google search.

There are many conditions that can cause white spots to develop on the penis and foreskin. Some men may be born with them, while others may develop them as a result of poor hygiene practices or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is important to know what the white spots are due to, as not all conditions require treatment. Listed below are some common causes of white spots on the foreskin and penis.

Pearly Penile Papules

Pearly penile papules (PPP) are small, dome-shaped or projection-like bumps that are located just below the head of the penis, usually arranged in a neat row. They can be white, flesh-coloured, yellow or translucent in colour. They do not cause any pain or itch. PPP is considered as a normal variant of the male penile anatomy, and are harmless bumps. It is not cancerous and there is no cancer risk. It is not a sexually transmitted infection and is not contagious. It is common and can occur in up to 38% of young men up to age 25.

PPP can be left alone and does not require treatment. However, for men who find them unsightly, they can be removed. Treatment options include laser therapy, cryotherapy and electrosurgery. 

READ: What are Pearly Penile Papules?

PPP

Fordyce Spots

Also known as Fordyce glands, these are harmless, small white or yellow bumps that are found on the foreskin. They are basically enlarged sebaceous glands, and can occur alone or in clusters. They do not cause any pain or itch. Fordyce spots can also commonly occur on the edges of your lips or on the inside of your cheeks.

Just like PPP, Fordyce spots are not cancerous and infectious, and also does not require treatment. Similarly, they can be removed if men find them unsightly. Treatment options include topical retinoid cream, oral isotretinoin, laser therapy and electrosurgery. 

Tyson’s Glands

Also known as preputial glands, Tyson’s glands are modified sebaceous glands that are found on the inner surface of the foreskin. They occur in pairs and are located on either side of the frenulum. These glands are also present on the hood of the clitoris in females. Tyson’s glands are normal structures and do not require treatment.  

Skin Tags

Skin tags are small, soft, flesh-coloured growths on the skin. They usually have a stalk and hang off the skin, and can vary in size from a few millimetres up to several centimetres. They tend not to grow on the penis itself, but rather, around the groin and scrotum. They often grow in areas where the skin folds and rubs against itself, and as such they are often also found on the neck, armpits, eyelids and under the breast. They affect men and women equally. Obesity, diabetes and pregnancy can increase the chances of occurrence.

Skin tags are benign tumours of the skin and do not require treatment. Occasionally, they may fall off on their own. People often wish to get them removed for aesthetic reasons, or if the skin tags are large and get in the way. Treatment options include cryosurgery, electrosurgery, ligation and excision.  

READ: Skin

Balanitis

Balanitis is inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis. Spots can appear on the penile head or foreskin, and can be white or reddish. Other symptoms include redness, pain, itching, discharge, swelling and difficulty with retraction of the foreskin, and sometimes pain when passing urine. 

Balanitis can affect as many as 1 in 10 males, and can occur at any age. It is more likely to occur in uncircumcised men. The most common cause of Balanitis is a bacteria or fungal infection, or a combination of both. This can result from inadequate personal hygiene and/or phimosis (tight foreskin). There are non-infectious causes for balanitis as well. Risk factors for recurrent balanitis include diabetes, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. 

To investigate balanitis, your doctor may perform swab tests to identify the responsible organism. Treatment involves topical and/or oral anti-fungal and antibiotics. The long term solution to balanitis is a circumcision.

READ: Causes, symptoms and treatment of Balanitis.

Balanitis

Pimples

Pimples develop as a result of the pores of our skin being blocked by dead skin cells, sebum and other debris. The sebaceous gland continues to produce sebum and build up under the blockage, allowing bacteria to grow in the area, resulting in inflammation, infection and pain. They can occur anywhere on the body, including the penis.

Pimples can be left alone and usually resolve on their own without treatment. It is important to resist the urge to pop the pimples as this may lead to superimposed infection, scarring and hyperpigmentation. However, they may end up self erupting and discharge small amounts of pus. Treatments for pimples include topical over-the-counter creams such as benzoyl peroxide, antibiotic creams and, if more severe, oral antibiotics.

READ: Skin

Folliculitis

Folliculitis is an inflammation or infection of the hair follicles. It can occur anywhere on the body, including the penis, where it is frequently seen at the shaft or base of the penis, or the pubic area. Folliculitis tends to result from shaving, waxing or chafing of the hair follicles. The damage to the hair follicles allows bacteria to enter. Sometimes, ingrown hairs can also occur from hair removal treatments, eventually leading to folliculitis as well. Folliculitis can be painful and/or itchy. Treatment options include topical and/or oral antibiotics. 

READ: Common causes of penile itching and pubic itching

Genital Warts

Genital warts are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and can be spread via vaginal, oral or anal sex. They appear as flesh-coloured growths over the genitals that can cluster and resemble a cauliflower. Most of the time they do not have any symptoms but can sometimes itch. Bleeding can also occur during sexual intercourse. 

READ: Causes, symptoms and treatment for Genital Warts
READ: How to get rid of Genital Warts

Left alone, the warts can remain the same or increase in size and number. They will disappear once the body has shed the virus completely, typically over a course of 1 to 2 years. Treatment options include topical medications such as imiquimod, cryotherapy and electrosurgery. Vaccines are available to help prevent HPV infection, consider getting a HPV vaccination. 

READ: HPV Vaccination For Men
READ: Rapid HPV Testing

Genital-Blisters-Genital-Warts-and-Genital-Ulcers-Causes-Treatments

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and is a sexually transmitted infection. Itching of the penis is usually the first symptom, and can occur in other areas such as the scrotum, groin, buttocks and anus. Shortly after, tiny clusters of painful blisters develop, which can then rupture and form shallow ulcers with crusts. Other symptoms include painful urination, enlarged groin lymph nodes, fever and body aches. The virus can lie dormant in the body for years without causing any symptoms, therefore some people may not even be aware that they are infected. 

Genital herpes can be diagnosed via swab testing of the lesions. When there are no symptoms, no treatment is required. Flares can be treated with oral and topical antiviral medications. There is unfortunately no cure for genital herpes, as the virus will permanently remain in the body.

READ: Rapid Herpes Testing

Herpes-Simplex-Virus

Molluscum Contagiosum

This is a benign infection of the skin caused by the Molluscum Contagiosum virus, resulting in painless, small, shiny pearl-shaped lesions. They can happen anywhere on the body as a result of physical contact, but when they occur on the genital area, it is usually as a result of sexual contact. The virus is thus spread via sexual contact, or even to another part of the person’s own body, from scratching the lesions and touching another part of the body. They can appear alone, or in clusters. They usually do not cause any symptoms, but can sometimes itch. 

Left alone, the lesions will eventually disappear once the body has shed the virus completely, typically over a course of several months to a year. Treatment options include topical medications such as salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser therapy and curettage.

READ: Everything you need to know about Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum-Contagiosum-Water-Warts

In conclusion, do not panic if you notice white spots on your penis, as not all white spots require treatment.  Speak to your doctor for advice on white spots or bumps and request for an examination. 

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How to Perform Testicular Self Exam

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There are doctors that recommend all men examine their testicles monthly after puberty, but because testicular self-exams have not been studied enough to know if they reduce the death rates from testicular cancer, no clear guidelines exist on whether or not they should be recommended to everyone.
Each man has to decide for himself if he wants to examine himself. This might be more important if you have any of the risk factors listed above. Seek medical attention immediately if you do find a lump. Your doctor will advise as appropriate.
Testicular cancer is comparatively rare when putting side by side with other cancers, but testicular cancer is the most common cancer in males between the ages of 15 and 35.

How to Perform Testicular Self-exam

Step 1: Clean up, Warm-up

Testicular-Self-exam-1a
(Testicular Self-exam)
The testicles are easiest to examine when the skin of the scrotum is relaxed. The skin is usually relaxed when you are relaxed, or after a warm shower or bath.

Step 2: Roll it Gently between Your Fingers

Testicular-Self-exam-1b
(Testicular Self-exam)
You can examine yourself lying down or standing up. Most doctors will examine your standing up.
Hold your penis away. Hold your testicle one at a time between your thumb and fingers. Roll it gently between your fingers.

Step 3: Feel for any Lumps, Bumps or Fluid

Testicular-Self-exam-1c
(Testicular Self-exam)
Check for any lumps, bumps or unusual features. If you do examine your testicles regularly, you will eventually know what is normal for you and what is different.

Step 4: Feel for any change in the Size, Shape, or Consistency

Testicular-Self-exam-1d
(Testicular Self-exam)
Feel for any change in the size, shape, or consistency of your testicles. Seek medical attention if you notice any difference.

What is normal

  • One testis may be slightly larger than the other
  • One side may hang lower than the other
  • Part of the testicle is known as the epididymis where sperm are stored. This may be felt as a bump at the posterior upper or posterior middle aspect of the testicles
  • Above the testicles you may feel a cord-like structure – this is the spermatic cord where sperm is carried.

What is abnormal

  • Abnormally large testes compared to the other side
  • A hard lump
  • Fluid around the testicle
  • Dilated veins above the testicles which may feel like worms
  • Tender lumps

Not all the above abnormalities are related to cancer. But if you do find such abnormalities, please visit your doctor for a consultation. One of the easiest ways to characterize a lump is with an ultrasound, which is completely painless.

Speak to our doctors for more information or professional advice on testicular cancer at our Men’s Health Clinic.

Happy Movember everyone!

How Do You Inject Caverject?

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Caverject

Caverject is a medication that is used for Erectile Dysfunction (ED).

Also read: TOP 7 MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

What’s in Caverject?

The main ingredient is Alprostadil. This medication increases blood flow into the penis and dilates the blood vessels. By so doing, it will improve erection in the penis.

Unboxing Caverject

What is included in a box of Caverject?

  • One bottle of powder – the medication
  • Two needles, one big and one small
  • A paper manual to refer to
  • A syringe that contains the diluent which will be used to dilute the medication powder
  • 2 packets of alcohol swabs
https://youtu.be/hwvV72MMHeE

Dr Taufiq, Resident Doctor, DTAP Clinic, will be sharing on how to properly administer Caverject.

How do you inject Caverject?

Step 1: Open the vial of the powder and use an alcohol swab to clean the top of the vial.

Step 2: Break open the seal for the syringe with diluent

Step 3: Open the packaging for the large needle and attach the large needle to the syringe. Make sure it’s sealed tightly together. Pull off the cap of the needle and be careful, the needle is very sharp, do not accidentally poke yourself.

Step 4: Inject the needle into the vial and fill the vial with the diluent.

Step 5: Remove the needle and slightly shake the bottle, mixing the solution with the powder.

Step 6: Once the diluent and powder in the vial is mixed, draw out the liquid and put back the cap of the large needle in order to remove it. When putting on the cap, make sure you hear a cap sound before proceeding to turn it anticlockwise to remove it.

Step 7: Remove the smaller needle from the packaging and attach the syringe turning it clockwise until it fits. You will need to remove the excess air inside the diluent.

To do so, remove the cap of the needle, make sure the liquid goes up to the top and the air goes all the way up. Put back the cap and check with your doctor for the right dose. Inject the right dose by looking at the measuring lines at the side of the syringe.

Step 8: Preparing for the injection.

The area of injection is the top and side of the penis. Do not inject directly into the top but slightly to the right into the muscle of the penis. Clean area of injection with an alcohol swab and inject at a 45 degree angle towards the cleaned area. Go in directly and inject and once it is complete, remove it.

Step 9: After the injection you are advised to press on the injection wound and massage the medication upwards to distribute the medication into the penis muscle.

[Always dispose of sharps into a sharps box or in a container or plastic bottle.]

Potential risks or side effects?

Potential risks or side effects from using Caverject includes bleeding and pain in the penis. The risk of pain can be alleviated by pressing onto wound. If you are allergic you are advised not to use it, do speak to your doctor before using this medication.

When should I use Caverject?

Caverject is to be used 15 minutes before sexual intercourse.

Watch next: CAUSES OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION & TREATMENT OPTIONS (VIDEO)

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5 Things a Weak Erection is Telling You

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Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. So if your erection is not able to satisfy you and/or your partner, you may have ED.
If your erection is weak, bedroom performance might not be the only problem that you are suffering from. It might be an indicator of another health condition.

What is Erectile Dysfunction

How Do I know If I have Erectile Dysfunction?

You can also use the below following questions to help yourself in determining whether you could possibly be suffering from Erectile Dysfunction:

1 – Almost never, (1 point)

2 –  A few times, (2 points)

3 – Sometimes, (3 points)

4 – Most times, (4 points)

5 – Almost always, (5 points)

 

Questions:

  • How confident do you feel that you can get and keep an erection?
  • When you have erections, how often are they hard enough for sex?
  • Were you able to maintain your erection after penetration?
  • Were you able to maintain your erection until orgasm?
  • Are you satisfied with your sex life?

If you scored between 1-7 points, you likely have severe Erectile Dysfunction.
8-11 points moderate Erectile Dysfunction, 12-16 points are mild to moderate Erectile Dysfunction, 17-21 mild Erectile Dysfunction and lastly 21-25 points no Erectile Dysfunction.

Below are the top 5 things that a weak erection may be telling you.

1. Diabetes

Men with type 2 diabetes tend to develop ED 10-15 years earlier than men without diabetes.
As men with diabetes age, the occurrence of ED becomes more common. 50-60% of men above 50 years of age with diabetes gets problem with erection. For those above 70, more than 95% are affected.
Diabetes may damage nerves, blood vessels that control erection. So having a weak erection may be an indicator of diabetes.

2. Hypertension

Hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the top causes of weak erections.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that 49% of men between 40-79 years of age with high blood pressure had erectile dysfunction. Another study in Journal of Urology found that 68% of men with hypertension had some degree of erectile dysfunction.
Hypertension affects the blood flow and the normal physiology of the male erection. On a side note, some drugs used to treat hypertension may also cause ED. So do speak to your physician if you are experiencing weak erection and on anti-hypertensive medication.

3. Low testosterone

If your weak erection is also accompanied by other symptoms like low libido, low energy levels, low mood, you might be suffering from low levels of testosterone. Testosterone production slows down as men age. On top of that, there are other lifestyle factors that may also affect testosterone levels like physical activity, obesity, stress levels etc.
Do seek advice from a doctor who is familiar with treatments of testosterone deficiency. Check your levels and seek advise whether testosterone replacement may help with your condition.

4. Heart Disease

There is a very strong link between erectile dysfunction and heart disease. Many studies have shown that men with heart disease have a higher chance of having ED.
In one study, 57% of men who had bypass surgery and 64% men who had a heart attack, had ED. On the other hand, having ED also puts you at high risk of developing heart disease.
Heart disease can be detected early or prevented with regular health screening and also healthy lifestyle habits. Keeping a healthy weight, regular physical activity, healthy balanced diet are some of the ways to prevent heart disease. If you do have other chronic diseases like high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes, do get treated and get them under controlled.
Read: Getting Heart Attack at a Young Age

5. Depression

Depression is a condition that is indicated by persistent sadness, a feeling of hopelessness and a pessimistic outlook.
Symptoms of depression include:

  • Fatigue
  • Loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities
  • Low self-esteem
  • Changes in appetite
  • Apathy
  • Sleep disturbances

In cases of depression in men, sometimes it may not be as easily recognised as in women. Men who are depressed may spend more time talking about physical symptoms than their emotions.
One of the physical symptoms that may happen is ED. Journal of Sexual Medicine published a review of 42 studies looking at ED and depression. It was reported that men with depression had a 39% increase risk for ED.
So a weak erection may also mask an underlying psychological condition like depression.

All in All

The above 5 things are an indication that a weak erection may be a symptom to another condition that you are suffering from. So don’t be too quick to brush it off or just solve it with a pill, speak to a doctor who is experienced with managing ED and make sure you don’t have an underlying medical condition.
If you need to speak to our doctors, please visit our men’s clinics.  Alternatively, you can email us hello@dtapclinic.com.sg or call us for an appointment.
Take Care.

Other Read:

 

医生对男性包皮环切术的讨论和解释

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什么是男性成人包皮环切术？

男性成人包皮环切术, 是在阴茎上去除多余的包皮。

进行包皮环切术的原因有很多。

  • 包皮环切术的好处：
  • 预防龟头炎（阴茎感染）
  • 更好的卫生
  • 降低艾滋病和其他性病的风险
  • 降低尿路感染的风险
  • 预防包茎（无法缩回包皮或且包皮缩回，无法恢复原位）

谁应该割包皮？

在医学方面，有绝对和相对适应症进行手术。包皮环切术只有2种绝对适应证- 瘢痕形成和严重感染。

然而，对于相对适应症，这些是考虑包皮环切术的原因

  • 曾今有过或且或复龟头炎（阴茎感染）的患者
  • 那些无法完全收回包皮的人
  • 那些长而多余的包皮，诱捕尿液和污垢
  • 那些在包皮下积聚污垢的人
  • 包皮过紧，无法收缩的人（包茎）
  • 那些想要降低性病，尿路感染或阴茎癌风险的人
  • 那些有勃起疼痛和不舒服的人

手术如何进行？

我们使用无缝线技术进行手术. 手速过程需要10-15分钟完成。并也在局部麻醉下完成。使用这种技术，与传统的包皮环切方法不同，伤口受保护并且不会撕裂或出血。

手术过后会这么样呢？

我们所有动过环切手术的病人都可以在手术后立即恢复正常活动，不会影响到工作或学习，但是需要减少过度操劳的活动，至少运动大概3周。

在 Dr Tan and Partners（DTAP Clinic）所做的包皮环切手术有很多优点

  • 跟传统手术相比，手术时间从一个小时缩短到十分钟
  • 不需要缝针缝合
  • 手术时间短（约10分钟）
  • 出血最少
  • 能够保存阴茎系带，完好
  • 手术并发症的风险非常低
  • 手速过后的伤口，优秀的美容
  • 动过手术的人满意度高

税前的手术费用$ 1800.00，包括手术后所有的复诊费。

费用不包括第一次的门诊费和药物。这个费用大概$200.00 除了这些之外，没有其他费用。

立即联系我们预订您的健康检查！

How Does Sutureless Circumcision​ Technique (Shang Ring) Work

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What is Male Adult Circumcision?

Male Adult circumcision is the removal of the excess foreskin from the penis.

There are many reasons to undergo a circumcision procedure. The benefits are listed below.

Benefits of Circumcision:

  • Prevention of balanitis (penile infection)
  • Better hygiene
  • Reduced risk of HIV and other STDs
  • Fewer risk of urinary tract infection
  • Prevention of phimosis (inability to retract foreskin) and paraphimosis (foreskin retracted and unable to return to original position)

Who should get a circumcision?

In medical terms, there are absolute and relative indications for getting a surgery/procedure done such as circumcision. There are only 2 absolute indications for circumcision – scarring and severe infection (BXO).

However, for relative indications, these are the reasons to consider circumcision

  • Those with previous or recurrent balanitis (penile infection)
  • Those unable to retract their foreskin fully to wash
  • Those with long and redundant foreskin, trapping urine and dirt
  • Those with the buildup of whitish “gunk” also known as smegma under the foreskin
  • Those with tight foreskin and unable to retract (phimosis)
  • Those who want to have a reduced risk of STDs, urinary tract infections or penile cancer
  • Those with painful and uncomfortable erections

How is the surgery performed?

We perform the surgery using a sutureless technique where it takes 10-15 mins to perform and is done under local anaesthesia. With this technique, the wound remains protected and does not tear or bleed, unlike the traditional circumcision methods.

What happens after the surgery?

ALL my patients are able to go back to normal activity immediately after the surgery and this should not hinder with your work or study in anyway, however, you will be out of vigorous activity, sports for at least 3 weeks.

There are many advantages to the Circumcision procedure done at DTAP Clinic which include

  • Reduced surgery time from about 1 hour using the conventional method to 10 mins
  • No sutures necessary
  • Short procedure time (around 10 minutes)
  • Minimal bleeding
  • Frenulum preserved
  • Very low risk of complications
  • Good cosmesis
  • High satisfaction rate among patients

The cost for the circumcision procedure is $1926.00 and inclusive of follow up reviews.  

Contact us today to book an assessment for your health needs!

Other Read:

医生对男性包皮环切术的讨论和解释

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什么是男性成人包皮环切术？

男性成人包皮环切术, 是在阴茎上去除多余的包皮。
进行包皮环切术的原因有很多。

  • 包皮环切术的好处：
  • 预防龟头炎（阴茎感染）
  • 更好的卫生
  • 降低艾滋病和其他性病的风险
  • 降低尿路感染的风险
  • 预防包茎（无法缩回包皮或且包皮缩回，无法恢复原位）

谁应该割包皮？

在医学方面，有绝对和相对适应症进行手术。包皮环切术只有2种绝对适应证- 瘢痕形成和严重感染。
然而，对于相对适应症，这些是考虑包皮环切术的原因

  • 曾今有过或且或复龟头炎（阴茎感染）的患者
  • 那些无法完全收回包皮的人
  • 那些长而多余的包皮，诱捕尿液和污垢
  • 那些在包皮下积聚污垢的人
  • 包皮过紧，无法收缩的人（包茎）
  • 那些想要降低性病，尿路感染或阴茎癌风险的人
  • 那些有勃起疼痛和不舒服的人

手术如何进行？

我们使用无缝线技术进行手术. 手速过程需要10-15分钟完成。并也在局部麻醉下完成。使用这种技术，与传统的包皮环切方法不同，伤口受保护并且不会撕裂或出血。

手术过后会这么样呢？

我们所有动过环切手术的病人都可以在手术后立即恢复正常活动，不会影响到工作或学习，但是需要减少过度操劳的活动，至少运动大概3周。
在 Dr Tan and Partners（DTAP Clinic）所做的包皮环切手术有很多优点

  • 跟传统手术相比，手术时间从一个小时缩短到十分钟
  • 不需要缝针缝合
  • 手术时间短（约10分钟）
  • 出血最少
  • 能够保存阴茎系带，完好
  • 手术并发症的风险非常低
  • 手速过后的伤口，优秀的美容
  • 动过手术的人满意度高

税前的手术费用$ 1800.00，包括手术后所有的复诊费。
费用不包括第一次的门诊费和药物。这个费用大概$200.00 除了这些之外，没有其他费用。
立即联系我们预订您的健康检查！

What are the Causes of Hair Fall

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Look around you in a busy place. Do you see a middle-aged or older gentleman who is balding? Chances are you probably will. Hair loss is something that affects a significant proportion of men as they age.

What are the Statistics for Hair Loss?

Statistics vary from country to country, but the American Hair Loss Association states that, by the age of 35, two-thirds of men will experience some degree of appreciable hair fall, and by the age of 50 approximately 85% of men have significantly thinning hair. But hair fall does not just affect males. It can affect females as well.

Hair Follicles

Each person on average has about 100,000 hair follicles on their heads. If everything is intact, you will have a nice crop of hair.

Hair follicles go through 3 main phases of growth – anagen, catagen and telogen.

 

Anagen Phase

The first is the anagen phase, where the root of the hair is dividing rapidly, adding to the hair length. Hair grows at about 1cm every month during this phase, and this phase can last anywhere from 2-7 years.

Catagen Phase

The next phase is the catagen phase, where at the hair itself is cut off from its blood supply and from the cells that produce new hair. This lasts for about 2-3 weeks.

Telogen Phase

Lastly, the telogen phase where the hair follicle rests, and the hair that was grown is released and falls out. Not all the hair follicles are in the same phase at the same time, and about 100 hairs are shed daily from a normal scalp.

If everything is normal for you, the telogen phase would not last too long, and re-enter the anagen phase after about 3 months.

Why Do People Lose Head Hair?

There are a variety of reasons why this may be so. Sometimes, the hair follicles are forced to cut short their anagen phase and enter the telogen phase prematurely. This can happen during times of extreme stress or if you have fallen ill.

In some people, the hair follicle may be killed off by the body’s own defence systems. The hair follicle may also be affected by fungal or bacterial skin infections.

Hormone DihydroTestosterone (DHT)

The majority of head hair fall that affects men is due to the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

In men, the 5-alpha-reductase (5-AR) enzyme converts testosterone into DHT in the testes and the prostate.

Up to 10 per cent of testosterone is normally converted into DHT. DHT is more powerful than testosterone as a male hormone. It attaches to the same receptors as testosterone, but more easily and for longer periods of time.

The hair follicles on the head contain this receptor and when DHT binds to them, the follicles slowly become miniaturized, the anagen phase is reduced, and the telogen phase becomes longer.

Over time, the anagen phase becomes so short that the new hairs do not even grow past the surface of the skin. Telogen hair is less well-anchored to the scalp, making it easier to fall out. As the follicles become smaller, the shaft of the hair becomes thinner with each cycle of growth.

Eventually, hairs are reduced to soft thin hairs, and can eventually stop growing. For reasons that are not well understood, DHT is essential for most other bodily hair growth, but it is detrimental to head hair growth. That is why you can see a bald man with a full beard.

How your hair follicle responds to DHT and how long your anagen phase is are usually genetically predetermined.

Also Read: Male Pattern Hair Loss Treatment 

What Can We Do About Your Falling Crop of Hair?

So knowing the above, what can we do about your falling crop of hair? We know that stress can affect your hair.

Late nights, poor diets and stress can disrupt hormonal balances and reduce your blood circulation to your scalp, leading to hair fall. So a healthy lifestyle is a solution to that – reduce your stress, exercise regularly, eat healthily, and sleep adequately.

Washing your hair too much can strip your scalp of natural oils needed for a healthy scalp. If you do not wash enough and it may cause a build-up of oils in follicles and prevent hair growth. To find the balance with appropriate shampoo and frequency of wash. Active people may need to wash their hair more often, and less active people may only need to wash their hair every other day.

If you use hair products, ensure they do not contain too harsh chemicals as that might irritate your hair follicle causing your hair to drop. Make sure these products are washed off completely at the end of the day as well.

Chemical treatments like hair dyes and heat therapies may also affect your hair follicle, so space these treatments apart. Brushing your scalp (gently) can stimulate blood circulation to the scalp which is essential for hair growth.

Medical Hair Loss Treatment

Should all of these lifestyle changes not work, one thing you have to understand is that prevention is better than cure. Once your hair follicle is dead, there is very little we can do about it.

At this point in time, medical care can play a part. Treatment for hair fall can start even as early as the 20s to prevent or slow down the process of follicle miniaturisation before it’s too late.

There are a variety of things doctors can do. Topical medications can be applied to the scalp to stimulate hair growth.

There are non-invasive methods like hair serums, light therapy and laser therapy.

There is another hair fall treatment known as Regenera Activa. This is a hair growth technology from Europe that has gone through clinical trials and has achieved approval as a medical device.

Visible results can be seen in a few months and effects can last for at least a year. There are also medications that we can prescribe to block the formation of DHT.

If all else fails, then the last resort is usually a hair transplant.

I hope this short introduction to hair fall, its prevention and some of the treatments have given you some information that is useful.

When in doubt, consult your doctor, and don’t be shy about it. We too, want a full crop of hair for you!

If you are interested in this service and wish to find out more, please call or visit our clinics or drop us an email at hello@dtapclinic.com.sg